Python Tour

Mac OS 与 Python

Mac OS 自带了 Python 环境:

$ which python
/usr/bin/python
$ /usr/bin/python; exit
Python 2.7.10 (default, Oct  6 2017, 22:29:07)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.31)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

Pip

Python 的使用离不开 pip，如果当前的 Python 2 >= 2.7.9 或者 Python 3 >= 3.4 那么实际上已经安装了 pip 了。
pip 安装的方式有三种

• 根据官网中的 install 模块进行安装，这种安装需要一些依赖模块

python get-pip.py

Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/74/ecd13431bcc456ed390b44c8a6e917c1820365cbebcb6a8974d1cd045ab4/pip-10.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 272kB/s
Collecting wheel
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/81/30/e935244ca6165187ae8be876b6316ae201b71485538ffac1d718843025a9/wheel-0.31.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (41kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 73kB/s
matplotlib 1.3.1 requires nose, which is not installed.
matplotlib 1.3.1 requires tornado, which is not installed.
Installing collected packages: pip, wheel
Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-10.0.1.dist-info'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

• brew install pip 也是可以安装的，但是这种安装需要通过 brew install python 进行，这将会导致你的电脑上有两个版本的 python

Error: No available formula with the name "pip"
Homebrew provides pip via: `brew install python`. However you will then
have two Pythons installed on your Mac, so alternatively you can install
pip via the instructions at:
  https://pip.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installing/

• sudo easy_install pip

因为前两种方式都需要一些额外的东西，所以我选择了第三种安装方式：

$ sudo easy_install pip
Password:
Searching for pip
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/
Best match: pip 10.0.1
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/e8/2340d46ecadb1692a1e455f13f75e596d4eab3d11a57446f08259dee8f02/pip-10.0.1.tar.gz#sha256=f2bd08e0cd1b06e10218feaf6fef299f473ba706582eb3bd9d52203fdbd7ee68
Processing pip-10.0.1.tar.gz
Writing /tmp/easy_install-wo7aGC/pip-10.0.1/setup.cfg
Running pip-10.0.1/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-wo7aGC/pip-10.0.1/egg-dist-tmp-ny5uXk
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'python_requires'
  warnings.warn(msg)
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.mailmap'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.travis.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.landscape.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'src/pip/_vendor/Makefile'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'tox.ini'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '*-requirements.txt'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'appveyor.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'src/pip/_vendor/six'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyi' found under directory 'src/pip/_vendor'
no previously-included directories found matching '.github'
no previously-included directories found matching '.travis'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'news'
no previously-included directories found matching 'contrib'
no previously-included directories found matching 'tasks'
no previously-included directories found matching 'tests'
creating /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-10.0.1-py2.7.egg
Extracting pip-10.0.1-py2.7.egg to /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
Adding pip 10.0.1 to easy-install.pth file
Installing pip script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip2.7 script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip2 script to /usr/local/bin

Installed /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-10.0.1-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for pip
Finished processing dependencies for pip

# maple @ iMac in ~/Maple [14:26:43]
$ which pip
/usr/local/bin/pip

iPython

iPython 这是一个很好 Python 交互环境开发工具 “brew install iPython” 就可以安装

$ ipython
Python 3.6.5 (default, Apr 25 2018, 14:23:58)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 6.4.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]:

详细了解，可以通过 iPython Documentation